Enhance the Efficiency of the Regenerative Braking System in Electric Vehicles using a Hybrid Energy Storage System

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are poised to revolutionise urban transportation
by offering reduced emissions, enhanced energy efficiency, and 
sustainable transportation solutions compared to conventional internal 
combustion engine vehicles. A key factor in their efficiency is 
regenerative braking systems, which capture and convert kinetic energy 
into electrical energy during deceleration. However, challenges such as 
limited energy recovery efficiency and battery lifespan remain significant 
barriers. This paper proposes a novel approach to address these 
challenges through the development and simulation of a Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) tailored for EVs. 
The study uses MATLAB/Simulink simulations and evaluates the 
system's performance under various standard drive cycles (Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule - UDDS, New York City Cycle - NYCC, and 
New European Driving Cycle - NEDC). By integrating supercapacitors 
alongside batteries, the HESS aims to enhance regenerative braking 
efficiency, prolong battery life, and optimize energy utilization. The 
findings highlight that the integration of supercapacitors with batteries 
in the HESS significantly improves energy recovery during braking 
events, especially in urban stop-and-go driving conditions represented 
by the selected drive cycles. This enhancement not only increases overall 
vehicle efficiency but also reduces stress on the battery, thereby 
extending its operational lifespan. In conclusion, the study suggests that 
strategic energy management through HESS offers promising avenues for 
advancing EV technology and contributing to sustainable mobility 
solutions in urban environments.