Assessment and Mapping of Ammonium Concentration in Swale around Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment and G3 Lake, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, (UTHM)

Abstract

Water contamination can occur in a variety distinct way, point source and non-point source, leading to the catchment by surface runoff. This study has shown that the presence of ammonium in the swales at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment and G3 Lake, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia. Undoubtedly, this ammonium concentration presence in the swale is generated by urbanization and the rise in the quantity of impermeable surfaces like buildings, roofs, roads, parking lots, and other transportation-related structures. It is also caused by pollutants, including vehicle emissions and maintenance of side swale such as grass cutting. The concentration ammonium presence in the swale around the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment and G3 Lake was verified. Surfer Software was used to develop spatial distribution mapping.  The color pattern shows that the ammonium concentration each week by the number of all sampling point areas. The result of each parameter for ammonium ranged 0.01- 0.8 mg/L, DO ranged 5.83- 8.47 mg/L, turbidity ranged 0.97- 63.27 NTU, pH ranged 3.62- 6.94, temperature ranged 23.3-28.1 ? C and TDS ranged 100- 900 mg/L. The outcome of this research could be to give insights about the adequacy of water for daily usage activities, reducing the environmental impact and exhibit the trend of ammonium in the swale for future reference.