Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen Doped with Titanium Dioxide at Different Calcination Temperature by using Sol-Gel Method

Abstract

Dyes have complex chemical structure and cannot be treated easily. Many industries applied dyes in their production, however the wastewater is not properly treated. This can lead to major water pollution if the problem is not overcome. One of the effective method is using photocatalytic degradation as it is environmental friendly and low cost. Sol-gel method used in order to produce the N-doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst with the presence of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and all the samples were calcined at different temperature of 300^oC, 500^oC and 700^oC. At calcination temperature of 300^oC and 500^oC, pure anatase phase were shown and all rutile phase were shown when the samples were calcined at 700^oC. This is due to the transformations of anatase phase to rutile and brookite happened at higher temperature. The crystallites size also affected by the calcination temperature which it was found that the size of N-doped TiO₂ at 300^oC is 7.4686nm, and at 500^oC and 700^oC showed crystallite size of 12.653nm and 54.7170nm respectively. The bandgap study showed that all samples were shifted from UV light region to visible light region which is normally <3.2 eV for commercial anatase titanium dioxide. The significant of the study is to enhance the sol-gel method to form effective photocatalyst in order to achieve higher degradation rate. The photocatalytic process shown at higher rate when N-doped TiO₂ annealed at 300^oC.