Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bitumen Emulsion for Stabilising Subgrade Sand

Authors

  • Ahmad Kamil Arshad Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Jacqueline Michella Nathen Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Nuryantizpura Mohamad Rais Malaysia Institute of Transport (MITRANS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Ekarizan Shaffie Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Fauzilah Ismail School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Noor Azreena Kamaluddin School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
  • Ahmad Zakilfikri Abdul Malek MTD Construction Sdn Bhd

Keywords:

Bitumen emulsion, stabilised subgrade, poorly graded sand, subgrade sand, subgrade stabilisation, subgrade treatment, California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength

Abstract

Sand is a type of soil that is prone to erosion and has low bearing capacity. Hence, stabilisation of sand subgrade layer is needed. The results of a study assessing the efficiency of bitumen emulsions (2%, 3%, and 4%) for stabilising sand are presented in this paper. In this study, two different types of sand were individually mixed with bitumen emulsion: clayey sand and river sand. Soil classification, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)  were among the laboratory tests conducted. The unsoaked and soaked CBR was measured after 4 days of curing, and the UCS of sand were measured after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. Based on the obtained California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), the results indicated that the sand was suitable to be stabilised with bitumen emulsion. It is recommended that future research conduct long-term studies to evaluate the performance of bitumen emulsion-stabilised poorly sand subgrade under real -world conditions

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Published

13-12-2024

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 8 (2024): Special Issue: Civil Engineering

Section

Special Issue 2024: GCoMSE2024 (A)

License

Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Integrated Engineering

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Open Access is by licensing the content with a Creative Commons (CC) license. 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

How to Cite

Arshad, A. K., Nathen, J. M., Mohamad Rais, N., Shaffie, E., Ismail, F., Kamaluddin, N. A., & Abdul Malek, A. Z. . (2024). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bitumen Emulsion for Stabilising Subgrade Sand. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 16(8), 172-186. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/19118