Strategi Meningkatkan Kebolehdapatan Beras Dalam Menjamin Sekuriti Makanan Di Malaysia

Strategies For Increasing the Availability of Rice in Guaranteeing Food Security in Malaysia

Abstract

Malay:

Makanan ruji untuk penduduk Malaysia iaitu beras adalah perlu dijamin kebolehdapatannya. Hal ini bagi membolehkan penduduk Malaysia berasa bebas daripada ketakutan dan kemahuan serta dapat melindungi diri daripada ancaman sekuriti makanan. Sungguhpun begitu, pertambahan jumlah penduduk di Malaysia dengan drastik telah mewujudkan kemelut dalam penghasilan beras negara. Walaupun, kebolehdapatan beras ini boleh dijamin menerusi Self-Sufficiency Level atau Kadar Sara Diri dan pengimportan akan tetapi ia berhadapan dengan situasi genting apabila peratus pengimportan beras didapati meningkat mendadak. Pergantungan terhadap import beras tambah meruncing apabila ada negara pengeskport yang mengharamkan pengeksportannya kepada negara luar termasuk Malaysia. Impak daripada tindakan ini telah mencetuskan gangguan terhadap sekuriti makanan khususnya kebolehdapatan beras seterusnya mewujudkan situasi herotan pasaran. Rentetan daripada permasalahan tersebut, kertas secara konsep ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti gagasan idea yang terangkum aspek teori,  pengertian dan tonggak utama berhubung sekuriti makanan. Sorotan juga dibuat ke atas kebolehdapatan beras sebagai makanan ruji di Malaysia di samping turut mengamati trend peratus kadar sara diri dan import beras berdasarkan kronologi waktu. Kemuncaknya, perbincangan terhadap strategi yang diguna pakai oleh negara dalam meningkatan kebolehdapatan beras adalah diteliti. Dapatan menemukan bahawa Malaysia walaupun mampu mengeluarkan beras sendiri namun ia masih tidak dapat mencapai kadar sara diri sepenuhnya. Oleh kerana itu, Malaysia masih bergantung kepada pengimportan beras dalam memenuhi keperluan makanan untuk negara sugguhpun tindakan ini adalah membimbangkan. Implikasi daripada pengamatan mendapati Malaysia berkewajaran untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran beras dalam negara menerusi strategi yang produktif dan mendatangkan impak besar. Signifikan daripada hasil kerja ini, kerajaan khususnya Kementerian Pertanian dan Keterjaminan Makanan (KPKM) serta jabatan di bawahnya dapat merangka bagi meningkatkan pengeluaran beras negara dan pasa masa yang sama mampu untuk menipiskan kebergantungan terhadap beras daripada negara luar.

English:

The staple food for the people of Malaysia, namely rice, needs to be guaranteed its availability. This is to allow the people of Malaysia to feel free from fear and desire and to be able to protect themselves from the threat of food security. Even so, the drastic increase in the population in Malaysia has created a crisis in the country's rice production. Although, the availability of this rice can be guaranteed through the Self-Sufficiency Level and importation, but it is faced with a critical situation when the percentage of rice importation is found to increase sharply. Dependence on rice imports is further exacerbated when there are exporting countries that ban its export to other countries including Malaysia. The impact of this action has created a disruption to food security, especially the availability of rice, further creating a market distortion situation. A series of these problems, this concept paper aims to highlight ideas that summarize the theoretical aspects, understanding and main pillar in relation to food security. Highlights were also made on the availability of rice as a staple food in Malaysia in addition to observing trends in the percentage of self-sufficiency rates and rice imports based on time chronology. At its peak, the discussion on the strategy used by the country in increasing the availability of rice is examined. Findings found that although Malaysia is able to produce its own rice, it still cannot achieve full self-sufficiency. Because of that, Malaysia still depends on the import of rice to meet the country's food needs even though this action is worrying. Implications from the observations found that Malaysia is justified in increasing rice production in the country through a strategy that is productive and has a big impact. Significantly from the results of this work, the government, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (KPKM) and the departments under it, can plan to increase the country's rice production and at the same time be able to reduce the dependence on rice from other countries.