Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation
The is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed Periodical published by Center of Diploma Studies (CeDS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The main objective of MARI is to provide an intellectual platform for sharing product research and empowering publications from CeDS. MARI aims to promote multidisciplinary studies and become the leading Periodical in multidisciplinary applied research and innovation in UTHM. MARI publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes, and book reviews. Authors are expected to submit a full-length manuscript (6 pages minimum - 10 pages maximum) for publication. Only papers received according to publication guidelines and timelines will be published in the MARI. This peer reviews journal seeks to publish THREE (3) issues annually. MARI is seeking research papers related (but not limited) to the following topics; Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Sciences, Chemical Engineering Technology, Animation Technology and Information Technology.
Ekonomi gig yang merujuk kepada sistem yang pekerjaannya bersifat sementara atau sambilan yang kini kian berkembang hari demi hari. Pelbagai pekerjaan di bawah ekonomi gig ini dan diantaranya ialah penghantar makanan. Telefon pintar adalah alatan utama yang digunakan oleh rakan penghantar untuk menyelesaikan tugasan. Tujuan pembangunan projek ini adalah bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi seperti kapasiti telefon pintar yang terhad. Projek ini terdiri daripada tiga fasa kejuruteraan dalam pembangunan projek. Tiga fasa iaitu mengenalpasti masalah, melakar reka bentuk dan juga pengiraan. Beg ini berfungsi apabila adanya cahaya matahari untuk mengecas bateri di dalam beg yang akan menyimpan tenaga ketika cuaca mendung, hujan atau pada waktu malam. Dengan adanya inovasi ini maka terhasil sebuah beg yang dilengkapi dengan sistem solar yang dijadikan sebagai tenaga alternatif untuk rakan penghantar. Secara keseluruhannya, projek ini telah mencapai objektif kajian. Namun begitu, masih terdapat ruang untuk penambahbaikan dalam reka bentuk produk dan penggunaan aplikasi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation
The objective of this project is to develop a smart itinerary planning system called Travify to assist users in managing their travel plans in a centralized platform. Many users face challenges using multiple tools like notes, calendars, and maps to organize trips, which often leads to disorganization and missed details. Travify solves this by offering key features such as itinerary creation, budget tracking, destination management, and profile customization. The system uses real-time APIs, user-generated content, and cloud integration for better performance and accessibility. Travify was developed using the Agile methodology, involving iterative development cycles and regular feedback loops to ensure continuous improvement. The front end was built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, while the backend was implemented with PHP and a MySQL database for data management. Functionality was validated through unit testing, integration testing, and user testing. Feedback from testing revealed improved usability and convenience. Travify aims to simplify planning, enhance personalization, and ensure a seamless travel experience for all users.
Maintaining proper restroom cleanliness is crucial for ensuring hygiene and comfort in heavily frequented areas, particularly university campuses. Traditional management approaches for restroom maintenance is generally dependent on manual reporting mechanisms and rigid cleaning schedules. It is unfortunate that, this frequently results in maintenance delays, inconsistent campus cleanliness standards, and a lack of realtime monitoring capabilities. This project aims to develop a mobile application called "SparkTrack" to improve restroom maintenance at UTHM Pagoh block A1 by enabling issue reporting, task tracking, and have high supervision. The methodology used was the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), which included stages like Concept, Design, Material Gathering, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution. The application was created with Android Studio using Java and using backed by Firebase Realtime Database for operative data management. 10 selective users were tested to show improved response time, better task organization and high user satisfaction. Through key associations, SparkTrack offers a solution to UTHM pagoh campus regarding hygiene issues by enhancing accountability, efficiency, and sustainability through mobile application technology.
CompARch: Integrated Augmented Reality Computer Architecture Learning App
This report discusses the development of an application with integrated Augmented Reality (AR) that is designed to help students learn about computer architecture. Many students find it hard to understand complex concepts using traditional teaching methods, which often rely on textbooks and flat diagrams. The AR application aims to provide interactive 3D models of computer components, making learning more engaging. The project followed a structured approach called the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Initial testing showed that students who used the AR application reported better understanding and increased interest in the subject. The report concludes that AR technology can improve learning in the computer architecture subject and suggests further work to enhance the application and expand its content.
Nik Mohd Nasrul Hakimi Nik Mohd Kamaruzaman
Pengurusan sisa makanan yang sistematik amat penting bagi mengekalkan kebersihan, kelestarian persekitaran, serta kecekapan operasi di premis makanan berskala besar seperti kafeteria. Kaedah konvensional, iaitu pengguna membuang sisa makanan ke dalam tong sampah sebelum meletakkan pinggan di besen, sering menimbulkan pencemaran bau, menarik serangga perosak, dan mendedahkan sisa makanan kepada persekitaran terbuka. Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, sebuah Mesin Pengasingan Sisa Makanan direka bentuk dengan mekanisme mudah tetapi berkesan. Pinggan kotor dimasukkan melalui slot khas, di mana sisa makanan akan ditolak secara automatik oleh bilah pengikis ke dalam bekas sisa tertutup. Pinggan kemudiannya bergerak menuruni landasan dan tersusun rapi di rak bawah mesin, bersedia untuk dibawa ke ruang pembasuhan. Ujian perbandingan antara kaedah manual dan mesin ini dijalankan berdasarkan lima kriteria: penyelenggaraan, kebersihan, praktikaliti, mesra pengguna, dan mesra pekerja. Hasilnya menunjukkan mesin ini mengurangkan risiko pencemaran, mempercepat proses pengumpulan pinggan, serta meningkatkan ergonomik kerja pekerja. Oleh itu, mesin pengasingan sisa makanan ini merupakan alternatif yang lebih praktikal dan lestari untuk pengurusan sisa makanan di kafeteria berkapasiti tinggi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation
Food waste is a major environmental problem that contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and causes landfill overflow. In Malaysia, poor waste management at home leads to traditional harmful disposal methods like dumping and burning. In other hand, composting presents a sustainable solution by turning organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer; however, traditional composting methods is timely and require a lot of effort. This project aims to create a Mini Food Waste Composter Machine that automates the shredding and mixing processes for small users such as households and small cafes. The system combines mechanical, electrical, and control parts with a MOTION 2350 Pro microcontroller, a stainless-steel shredder, and a static mixer to enhance the composting process. Evaluation tests with 300 grams of food waste showed that soft waste was completely processed in 20 to 30 seconds, while fibrous waste took longer. While full automation was not achievable due to mechanical constraints, the semi-automated system worked well. In conclusion, this project offers a practical, low-cost, and sustainable solution for managing organic waste on a small scale.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Wastepaper Activated Carbon in Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment
With the global demand for palm oil on the rise, palm oil mills are generating more secondary effluent (POMSE), a waste product that’s rich in organic matter and poses serious environmental concerns. To help tackle this issue, this study investigated using activated carbon made from wastepaper (WPAC) as a green, low-cost way to treat wastewater. The WPAC was created through a chemical process using potassium hydroxide (KOH), involving several steps, which are soaking the paper, drying it, carbonizing it at 600 °C under argon gas, washing it with acid, and finally heating it again to improve its porosity and reactivity. We tested five different amounts of WPAC, ranging from 0.5g to 2.5 g, to see how well it could improve water quality, focusing on colour, turbidity and pH levels. The 2.5 g dose gave the best results for colour, reducing it from 2030 to 493 ADMI. For turbidity, the clearest result is 12.01 NTU at 1.5 g. Interestingly, WPAC also made the water more alkaline, with the highest pH of 9.7 recorded at 2.5 g. To understand how WPAC works, we used FTIR to detect active functional groups responsible for adsorbing pollutants, and SEM to observe its porous surface. Among all the masses, 2.5 g proved the most effective overall, delivering strong results in colour and turbidity reduction, along with a noticeable shift in pH. This study shows that WPAC is not just a clever way to recycle wastepaper. It also offers a practical, eco-friendly solution for treating the palm oil industry.
An Intelligent Weather System for Outdoor Clothes Drying
This project introduces an Intelligent Weather System designed to automate the outdoor clothes drying process, especially in tropical climates like Malaysia, where rain is frequent and unpredictable. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller, rain sensor, and servo motor to detect rain and respond automatically by covering the clothes rack. Integrated with the Blynk IoT platform, users receive real-time updates and control options via a smartphone. Testing showed the system worked well in simulation and individual component tests, although the physical prototype faced power issues. This project demonstrates the potential of automation and IoT in household applications, offering convenience and protection against unexpected weather.
Alat Pengesanan Kelembapan dan Suhu Tanah
Projek ini membangunkan sebuah sistem pintar bagi memantau kelembapan dan suhu tanah menggunakan mikropengawal ESP32 serta teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Sistem ini direka untuk membantu pengguna memantau keadaan tanah tanaman secara masa nyata melalui aplikasi Blynk, dengan data turut dipaparkan pada skrin OLED. Sensor kelembapan tanah dan sensor suhu DHT11 digunakan untuk mendapatkan bacaan persekitaran, manakala pam air dan buzzer diaktifkan secara automatik apabila nilai bacaan melebihi atau menurun daripada paras ditetapkan. Sistem juga menyokong kawalan manual melalui telefon pintar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem ini berfungsi dengan baik, responsif, dan mudah digunakan. Projek ini berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam penjagaan tanaman berskala kecil hingga sederhana secara lebih cekap dan efisien.
River Water Quality Analysis Using RO Filtration
This study focuses on the analysis of river water quality before and after undergoing filtration using a 5-stage reverse osmosis (RO) system. Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for maintaining public health and quality of life. However, many communities face challenges due to polluted river sources, limited municipal water treatment, and dependence on bottled water. The water samples were evaluated based on key physicochemical parameters including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, and physical characteristics such as appearance and smell. The filtered river water was also compared to commercial mineral water and municipal tap water to assess overall quality. From the result, it shows that the quality of filtered river water was improved. Unlike complex or energy-intensive treatment systems, this study highlights the effectiveness of a basic RO-based setup for field or domestic applications. By providing practical data and a comparison with standard water sources, this study promotes awareness of filtered river water as a reliable alternative and contributes to improving safe water access in rural or backup scenarios.
Sistem Pengasingan Sampah Menggunakan Raspberry Pi
Projek ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sistem pengasingan sampah automatik berkos rendah yang menggunakan mikropengawal RP2040 pada papan Raspberry Pi untuk mengesan serta mengasingkan bahan kitar semula jenis plastik dan logam. Sistem menggabungkan sensor logam induktif, sensor ultrasonik dan motor servo bagi memindahkan objek ke bekas yang betul secara automatik. Prototaip dihasilkan bertujuan meningkatkan kecekapan proses pengasingan sampah, mengurangkan kos operasi manual dan menyokong amalan kitar semula di peringkat domestik serta perniagaan berskala kecil. Pengujian menggunakan 20 sampel menunjukkan kadar ketepatan pengesanan logam sebanyak 100% manakala ketepatan pengasingan plastik pula adalah 90%. Sistem ini boleh beroperasi sehingga 8 jam menggunakan pek bateri 7.4 V 6800 mAh. Secara keseluruhannya, projek ini berjaya membuktikan bahawa sistem pengasingan sampah automatik berasaskan mikropengawal RP2040 mampu berfungsi dengan cekap dan berkesan dalam mengesan serta mengasingkan bahan kitar semula. Projek ini menghasilkan prototaip sistem pengasingan sampah automatik berasaskan RP2040 yang memenuhi semua objektif ditetapkan dan berupaya mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada kaedah manual.
The Effect of Online Gaming on Social Skills Development Among UTHM Students
Online games are becoming more popular among students in higher learning institutions, or public universities, such as Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). Online games serve as a medium of entertainment as well as a platform for social interaction in a virtual space. However, there is a concern that online gaming may alter students' social skills in the real world, notably in terms of communication and collaboration. Social skills are how a person can interact with other people effectively in different situations; social skills also play a key role when an individual is looking to achieve academic, professional, or career success. For the case of students, face-to-face interaction can form self-confidence, build leadership, and teamwork abilities, while an online game perspective may align players to interact in a virtual environment where the opportunities to create and build social skills are diminished. This research study was conducted to identify the impact of online games on students' social skills, specifically on UTHM diploma students’ communication and teamwork skills. A questionnaire instrument was used to collect data and was conducted on a total of 301 students to collect responses. Respondents were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data analysis was completed using SPSS, and the Pearson correlation and independent t-test were utilized. Results of this study indicate that there is relationship between online gaming and social skills students, which is the correlation is 0.280, 0.426, and 0.227 and gamers show significantly higher social skills than non-gamers. Also, the result for sample independent t-test of section 2 is 0.001 and section 3 is <0.001.
Sugarcane is a vital agricultural commodity widely used for sugar production and popular consumption, particularly in Southeast Asia where sugarcane juice is a culturally significant beverage. Traditional manual peeling of sugarcane, performed with knives, is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and poses safety risks to operators, especially small-scale vendors. This project presents the design, development, and testing of the Sugarcane Peel Pro, an automatic sugarcane peeling machine aimed at improving efficiency, safety, and sustainability for local vendors. The machine features a stainless-steel rotary blade powered by a 0.75 hp motor operating at 850 rpm, housed within a sturdy mild steel frame with ergonomic design elements such as a hand-fed slot, pressure rollers, and protective blade covers. It accommodates sugarcane stalks up to 30 mm in diameter, peeling each stalk within 45 to 60 seconds with an efficiency of 85% to 90%, while consuming low power (0.5 to 0.75 kWh). Manufactured through precision machining and MIG welding processes, the machine demonstrated reliable performance during testing, with smooth operation, stable blade balance, and effective safety features. While limitations remain regarding stalk shape adaptability and reliance on electricity, the Sugarcane Peel Pro effectively reduces labor intensity, enhances user safety, and minimizes material waste, providing a practical and cost-effective solution for small-scale sugarcane juice vendors. This innovation supports social and economic sustainability by promoting safer working conditions and increased productivity within local agricultural processing industries.
ResumeXpert: An Intelligent Platform for Ranking and Optimizing Job Applications
In today’s competitive job market, crafting a compelling resume is essential, particularly for fresh graduates and job seekers with limited experience. ResumeXpert is an AI-powered web-based platform designed to assist users in creating optimized resumes that align closely with job descriptions. The system analyzes uploaded resumes, provides personalized formatting, keyword usage, and skills alignment feedback, and recommends suitable job listings from integrated platforms such as LinkedIn, Glassdoor, and JobStreet. ResumeXpert also features a resume ranking function, enabling recruiters to assess multiple applications efficiently. Developed using the Agile methodology, the system incorporates natural language processing (NLP), machine learning techniques, and modern web technologies. User survey evaluation demonstrated high satisfaction levels in usability, functionality, and overall usefulness. ResumeXpert offers an innovative approach to bridging the gap between job seekers and employers by enhancing resume quality and improving job-matching outcomes.
Eco-ink Production from Waste Cooking Oil
The production of eco-ink creates an alternative to replace conventional inks that contain toxic materials. In this study, a binder, raw materials, natural pigment, and additives are combined to create an ink formulation from waste cooking oil. The characterization of the produced eco-ink was carried out through chemical characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Physical characterization involved tests such as viscosity, ink flow, pH, adhesion, and water resistance to determine the suitability of the eco-ink formulation for practical applications. The results demonstrated the broad absorption band in the range of 3000–3600 cm⁻¹ corresponds to the O-H stretching mode, which indicates that the -OH group is due to distilled water, ethanol or glycerin and is present in both the charcoal and butterfly pea flower (BPF) inks during FTIR analysis, and the viscosity was found to be 4-5 mPa.s. Since the ink flow time is shorter, it indicates a lower viscosity value. The pH values were 8.5 for charcoal ink and 8.6 for BPF ink. The adhesion for charcoal ink was 44.44% and for BPF was 100%. Water resistance was 74% for charcoal ink and 54% for BPF ink. Overall, these results indicated the potential for utilizing waste cooking oil as a viable raw material for new sustainable products like eco-ink.
Investigating the Antimicrobial Properties of Garlic and Onion Against Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus
The present investigation examines the antimicrobial potency of garlic and onion against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a focus on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The objective is to assess the viability of these natural substances as potential antibacterial alternatives amidst the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance. Garlic, abundant in organosulfur compounds such as allicin, ajoene, and allyl sulphides, is well-documented for its bactericidal effects. Onion, which contains quercetin and sulphur compounds, also exhibits antimicrobial The study aims to determines the susceptibility of the chosen antimicrobial ingredients and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts from garlic and onion when applied to both bacterial species. Findings reveal that garlic demonstrates considerable antibacterial activity against S. aureus, achieving a lower MIC than that observed for E. coli. While the antimicrobial efficacy of onion is unresolved, showing result with no significant findings against inhibiting both bacteria. The research posits that only garlic is integral to the formulation of novel antibacterial agents.
The Green Approach in the Development of Hydrogel for Wound Healing
Hydrogels derived from plant-based mucilage have potential use in biological materials due to their biocompatibility and high water retention capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the modification of hydrogel with the addition of okra mucilage. Two different methods were used: heated (C2) and non-heated (C1) in the extraction of mucilage, and then, subsequently, characterised in terms of measurements of the swelling ratio, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was found that the morphology of the samples demonstrated the porous microstructure, imparting efficient swelling and solvent penetration. Plus, the addition of the heated-extraction okra mucilage enhances both hydration capacity and antibacterial performance in hydrogels with superior swelling capacity of sample C2 (6797%) compared to C1 (5013%), resulting in stronger antibacterial activity. Therefore, the addition of okra mucilage-based hydrogels has potential as wound-healing biomaterials with superior swelling capacity and mechanical strength.
Innovative Water Purification Using Pineapple By-Product and Rice Husk: A Portable Filtration Approach
The goal of this study is to address the dual challenges of providing clean water and reducing environmental waste by creating a filtration system that is easy to make, affordable and suitable for areas with limited access to clean water. Four types of activated carbon (AC) were prepared using heating method with different combinations of rice husk (RH) and pineapple waste (PW) (Sample A - 100% RH; Sample B - 100% PW; Sample C - 3:7 RH to PW; Sample D – 3:7 PW to RH). These AC were then employed into a portable water filter, separately to purify the river water. The water quality was analyzed based on its Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH level. Sample C shows the best performance among other type of AC where the BOD is 67.76% , COD is 68%, ammoniacal nitrogen is 70.49%, TSS is 67.91%, DO is 54.84%, TDS is 58.19%, and turbidity is 71.03% compared with the real standard
Social Media Usage and Self-Esteem: The Case Study of TikTok Addiction among UTHM Diploma Students
TikTok is a short-form video app that provides a variety of content, from informative to entertaining, appealing to young people. TikTok’s algorithm constantly displays videos that are of interest to users, causing them to watch endlessly. This will lead to overuse, making users easily compare themselves to others, relying on external validation and tending to avoid reality. These characteristics can have a negative impact on psychological well-being, such as self-esteem. This study was conducted to identify the level of TikTok addiction and its relationships with self-esteem among diploma students at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. An online survey was used to collect data for this quantitative study, which included 215 diploma students. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) was used to measure the level of social media addiction, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) to assess self-esteem. Descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation were used in analyzing the data using SPSS software. The results of the descriptive analysis found that the average overall score for BSMAS was 16.93 from a score range of 6 to 30, while the average score for RSE was 26.53 from a score range of 10 to 40. This finding shows that students are at a moderate level in using TikTok, while their self-esteem levels are also at a moderate to high level. There was a significant negative relationship between TikTok addiction and self-esteem (r = -0.230, p < 0.01), which indicates that the higher the TikTok addiction, the lower the student's self-esteem. This finding has important implications for the university in developing interventions to give awareness about the balance of social media use and the development of self-esteem among students.
Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS)
The Relationship of Smartphone Addiction and Depression, Anxiety and Stress among UTHM Diploma Students
This research investigates the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety and stress among University Tun Hussein Onn (UTHM) diploma students. Using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), 199 students completed a survey that included the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). With the highest mean score of (3.47), showing a reasonable degree of smartphone addiction, implying that smartphones are reused after putting it down. The mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression length from 1.87 to 2.43, indicating a mild level of condition. Correlation analysis showed a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation relationship between smartphone addiction and both depression (r = 0.350, p < 0.001) and stress (r = 0.320, p < 0.001), while a weak but significant positive correlation was constructed with anxiety (r = 0.199, p = 0.007). The results suggested that this psychological illness is connected to an intensity of smartphone addiction. The main point is to focus on digital wellness action and mental health education for diploma students to limit the destructive effects of excessive smartphone use.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)
User Experience Survey on Veterinary Clinic Online Pet Adoption System
Stray animals are frequently found on the streets, and people will bring them to a veterinary clinic to get them treated. However, they will be returned to the wild as no one would adopt them. This is why a Veterinar Clinic Online Pet Adoption System has been created so the veterinary clinic, Mawrose Animal Clinic, Pagoh, can manage it. The system was developed using the Waterfall Methodology. This system has five functional modules, including registering and storing the pets' information, appointment scheduling, filtering options, and a WhatsApp reminder for adopters to pick up their pets. The system is used for two types of users: the adopters and the veterinary clinic's staff. The adopters can use this system to find a suitable pet and schedule an appointment to pick their new companion. The staff can register new pets into the system, manage the registered pets with their adoption status, and remind the adopters via WhatsApp. In conclusion, the Veterinar Clinic Online Pet Adoption System still needs to add more improvements, such as having a list for users to see which pet they have adopted and when their appointments would be held on before it is a proper solution for veterinary clinics to help stray animals to find a new home. Overall, the system is relatively acceptable to the survey participants as it has achieved most of their expectations.
Sustainable House Cooling (SusHoC) System
This proposal focuses on the development of a sustainable house cooling model designed to address the hot and humid climate of Malaysia, which often reduses the comfort of resdents and lowers indoor environmental quality. The research is driven by the need to reduce reliance on conventional cooling systems such as air conditioners, which are known to be energy-intensive and contribute to increased greehouse gas emissions. With growing awareness of climate change and its impacts, innovative and eco-friendly solutions are becoming increasingly important. The literature review in this study covers various types of houses in Malaysia, environmental challenges such as urban heat islands (UHI), and high humidity levels that affect thermal comfot and the health of residents. The reseach proposes a cooling system based on the concept of car radiaors as a more efficient and sustainable alternative. The methodology involves the design and development ofa house model using components such as radiators, water pumps, and transparent rubber pipes. Thissystem is tested to assess its effectiveness in reducing indoor temperature and humidity. The expected outcome is that this system will not only enhance the comfort of residents but also reduce energy comsumption and environmental impact, creating healthier and more sustainable living spaces. This research aims to encourage the adoptio of more eco-friendly and efficient cooling solutions in the future.
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Uji Kaji Sains Darjah 5 (Cerdik Sains)
Aplikasi Cerdik Sains merupakan satu aplikasi mudah alih (mobile application) bagi pembelajaran atau simulasi uji kaji subjek Sains darjah 5. Ianya dibina sebagai alternatif kepada uji kaji fizikal yang selalunya dilakukan di makmal sains sekolah. Aplikasi Cerdik Sains menawarkan pelaksanaan uji kaji atau simulasi secara digital yang interaktif. Jika dilihat pada masa kini, murid lebih cenderung meneroka pembelajaran dengan cara aktiviti amali terutamanya untuk subjek Sains. Kekurangan bahan bantu mengajar berbentuk digital bagi uji kaji Sains mengikut skop silibus Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) juga menjadi pendorong kepada kajian dan pembangunan aplikasi ini. Maka, kajian ini telah mensasarkan objektif-objektif seperti; (i) merekabentuk kandungan simulasi uji kaji subjek Sains darjah 5 mengikut silibus buku teks KPM, (ii) membangunkan aplikasi mudah alih simulasi uji kaji subjek Sains darjah 5 berdasarkan dokumen rekabentuk yang dikenalpasti, dan (iii) melaksanakan pengujian penerimaan pengguna (user acceptance testing) untuk mendapatkan maklumbalas berkenaan produk yang telah dihasilkan. Kaedah metodologi yang digunakan adalah metodologi ’rekabentuk permainan’ Jedrinović et al. (2020) terbitan dari model SADDIE. Jedrinović et al. (2020) telah memperincikan model SADDIE supaya lebih bersesuaian dengan penghasilan produk pembelajaran. Fasa-fasa dalam metodologi merangkumi six peringkat penting iaitu spesifikasi, analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Projek dibangunkan menggunakan GamemakerStudio2 serta bahasa pengaturcaraan GML (GameMaker Language). Melalui pengujian penerimaan pengguna melibatkan 8 orang murid tahun 5 yang berlangsung di Pusat Transit Tadika Bidadari, Kluang, Johor, aplikasi Cerdik Sains telah menerima maklumbalas yang positif terhadap antaramuka pengguna dan mekanik permainan. Tuntasnya, pembelajaran Sains yang menggunakan teknologi mudah alih dapat menyediakan capaian pantas terhadap kandungan pembelajaran. Manakala, penggabungan elemen-elemen multimedia juga berjaya menarik minat murid terhadap topik-topik amali subjek Sains.
Prototype of Sinkhole Detection Model with Sensor Alarm
Sinkholes are a serious geological hazard that can disrupt public services, damage infrastructure, and even lead to fatalities. These events can occur suddenly and without visible warning, making early detection critical for risk mitigation and public safety. This study introduces a prototype sinkhole detection model designed to address this need through the integration of sensor technology and a real-time warning system. This model uses sensors to continuously monitor key geotechnical parameters such as soil moisture, ground vibration, and pressure changes. These parameters are known indicators of ground instability that could signal potential sinkhole formation. Sensor data are processed in real time using advanced analytical methods to detect significant changes in soil conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the prototype, the model is rigorously tested under controlled conditions. Simulated sinkhole scenarios are created to mimic real-world situations, allowing researchers to assess the system's responsiveness and accuracy. The results of these tests indicate that the model can reliably identify early signs of sinkhole development and trigger timely alerts. By demonstrating strong performance during testing, this prototype shows promise as a practical, scalable, and cost-effective solution for sinkhole detection. This research contributes to improving geotechnical safety by enabling proactive measures and reducing the potential impact of sinkholes
AquaShell Paver: Ecofriendly Paving Using Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Eggshells
Urban development has lead to increased use of impermeable materials such as concrete and asphalt, causing significant environmental challenges including urban flooding, reduced groundwater recharge, and elevated carbon emissions. This study introduces an innovative and eco-friendly paving brick named AquaShell Paver Brick, which incorporates eggshell powder (ESP) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) into conventional brick mixtures to address these issues. Eggshell powder, a calcium carbonate-rich waste material, partially replaces cement to reduce cement consumption and environmental impact. Meanwhile, SAP is added in small quantities to enhance moisture retention during curing, promoting better hydration and durability. The research evaluates the effects of varying ESP and SAP contents on the compressive strength and water absorption of the bricks, as well as the impact of different curing methods on structural integrity. Experimental results indicate that incorporating ESP obtain 38.17MPa and SAP improves strength and permeability compared to traditional bricks, although the combination of both additives requires careful curing to avoid strength loss due to excessive internal moisture. The study concludes that AquaShell Paver Bricks offer a sustainable alternative for urban infrastructure by improving water management, reducing waste, and lowering carbon footprint, aligning with goals of greener urban development.
AquaShell Paver: Ecofriendly Paving Brick Using Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Eggshellls.
Indoor Lighting Assessment in the CeDS Academic Office Space
This study focuses on evaluating the lighting quality in the CeDS Administration Office at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Pagoh by measuring current lighting levels, comparing them with the recommended MS1525:2014 standards, and assessing staff satisfaction with existing lighting conditions. Surveys will be used to gather data on occupants’ satisfaction, covering aspects such as visual comfort, glare, and the impact of lighting on productivity and health, while lighting measurements will be taken at different times of the day to capture variations in conditions. The collected data will help determine compliance with Malaysian lighting standards and highlight areas needing improvement. Findings are expected to identify zones with insufficient or excessive lighting that may affect employee satisfaction and performance, offering a deeper understanding of the influence of lighting on workplace comfort and efficiency. Ultimately, the study aims to provide actionable recommendations for optimizing lighting in the CeDS Administration Office, enhancing employee well-being, reducing health risks such as eyestrain and fatigue, and contributing to the creation of a healthier, more productive office environment.
The Development of Polylactic Acid (PLA) C-Channel Connector
In this project, an innovative modular connector created especially for C-channel truss systems in construction is presented. Conventional installation techniques like welding, screwing, and manual alignment are time-consuming, frequently need skilled labor, and present safety hazards on the job site. In order to overcome these obstacles, a connector was created with AutoCAD software and manufactured via 3D printing using PLA (polylactic acid) material, which is renowned for its excellent dimensional correctness, durability, lightweight nature, and environmental sustainability. The connector offers structural versatility and ease of installation by supporting a variety of truss angle configurations, such as 90°-45°-45°, 126°-27°-27°, and 140°-20°-20°. Vernier calipers were used for dimensional verification in a fitment test to assess the connector's precision alignment and compatibility with typical C-channel profiles. The findings demonstrated that the connector provides a firm, secure fit without the need for sophisticated equipment or trained workers, thereby cutting down on assembly time and enhancing installation consistency overall. PLA is biodegradable, therefore using it not only makes the connector economical and recyclable, but it also encourages sustainable building approaches. This study offers enhancements in efficiency, structural performance, and environmental effect while illustrating a workable, secure, and scalable solution for contemporary construction needs. Additionally, it creates new avenues for future study into alternative thermoplastic materials, 3D printing integration into structural engineering applications, and modular joint design optimization.
Kajian Kes: Kajian Kualiti Air antara Air Bukit, Air Paip, dan Air Bawah Tanah untuk Kegunaan Harian
Sumber air seperti air paip, air bukit dan air bawah tanah sangat penting untuk menyokong aktiviti harian seperti pertanian, kegunaan domestik dan perindustrian. Namun, pelbagai aktiviti manusia telah menyumbang kepada pencemaran sumber-sumber ini, sekali gus menjejaskan kualiti air secara semula jadi dan mewujudkan risiko kepada kesihatan serta alam sekitar. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menilai tiga sumber air tersebut yang digunakan oleh penduduk Kampung Lubok Bongor khususnya pada musim tengkujuh. Sampel air dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan empat parameter utama iaitu pH, DO, COD, dan AN berdasarkan Piawaian Kualiti Air Negara. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa air paip mencatatkan kualiti air yang tertinggi dengan klasifikasi “cemerlang”, manakala air bukit dan air bawah tanah berada dalam kategori “baik” kerana mencatat nilai COD yang melebihi standard.
Penggunaan Sabut Kelapa dan Kaca sebagai Bahan Ganti Pasir untuk Bata Turapan
Bata turapan ini dihasilkan daripada campuran simen, pasir, agregat dan air digunakan dalam industri pembinaan sebagai permukaan seperti jalan raya, halaman dan laluan pejalan kaki. Pasir sebagai komponen utama dalam pembinaan, menghadapi pelbagai isu seperti peningkatan kos, kekurangan sumber berkualiti serta kadar penyerapan air yang tinggi yang boleh menjejaskan ketahanan produk. Permintaan yang semakin meningkat terhadap pasir dalam industri pembinaan turut menyumbang kepada hakisan sungai, pencemaran air dan kerosakan ekosistem akuatik. Aktiviti pengambilan pasir yang berlebihan terutamanya di kawasan sungai, turut mengganggu habitat hidupan akuatik serta menjejaskan keseimbangan alam sekitar. Dalam masa yang sama, bahan buangan seperti sabut kelapa dan kaca sering tidak dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya walaupun berpotensi untuk dikitar semula kerana sifat fizikalnya yang hampir sama menyamai pasir seperti saiz butiran yang halus, ketumpatan yang sesuai dan keupayaan mengisi ruang antara agregat dalam campuran konkrit. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada nisbah bancuhan standard 1:2:4 (simen:pasir:agregat) dengan kadar penggantian 4% dan 12% pasir oleh sabut kelapa dan serbuk kaca. Dua ujian makmal dijalankan ke atas sampel bata turapan iaitu ujian penyerapan air dan kekuatan mampatan dengan tempoh rendaman selama 7 dan 28 hari. Saiz bata yang digunakan adalah 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa sampel dengan penggantian 12% kaca mencatatkan kadar penyerapan air paling rendah iaitu 2.22% manakala kekuatan mampatan tertinggi direkodkan oleh sampel dengan 4% kaca, iaitu 19.32 N/mm². Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa bahan buangan seperti sabut kelapa dan kaca mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan gantian pasir dalam bata turapan, namun tidak semua campuran menunjukkan kekuatan yang memadai. Objektif kajian ini tidak dapat dicapai sepenuhnya, namun hasilnya memberi asas penting untuk penambahbaikan masa depan.
Sustainable Sound Insulation Panel From Used Textile
Textile waste and noise pollution are two urgent problems that affect human health and environmental sustainability. By employing recovered textile waste, such as cotton, polyester, and blended materials, to create Sustainable Sound Insulation Panels (S-SIP), this study suggests a green breakthrough. Building affordable panels that lessen noise pollution and solid textile waste is the goal. Choosing appropriate textile waste, creating sandwich and multilayer panel architectures, and utilizing impedance tube techniques to measure acoustic performance are all part of the methodology. The findings show notable sound absorption performance that is on par with conventional acoustic materials, especially in the mid-to-high frequency regions. This study supports the circular economy and sustainability goals, which are in line with SDG Goals 11, 12, and 13.