Online Journal for TVET Practitioners (OJ-TP) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal that publishes twice a year (March and September). The objectives of this journal are to promote sharing of knowledge and research information related to Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and general education within scientific community and to serve as a platform for the academicians and researchers from local and international learning institutions as well as public and private agencies to publish the latest research works in TVET through a scholarly publication. OJ-TP welcomes empirical research manuscript either written in English or Malays Language.
Development of a Chef Uniform Ethics Learning Kit Using Augmented Reality (AR) for Hearing Impaired Students in Polytechnics
Hearing-impaired students face difficulties in understanding the ethics of wearing the chef uniform due to limited communication, lack of standardized sign language terms, and insufficient interactive teaching aids. These challenges reduce their understanding and motivation in learning, highlighting the need for more visual and engaging learning tools. The purpose of this study is to develop a chef uniform ethics learning kit using Augmented Reality (AR) for hearing-impaired students, with a focus on enhancing their visualization, understanding, and motivation through a more interactive and accessible learning experience. The study employs a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach and uses the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model as the instructional design framework. The sample consists of 10 hearing-impaired students enrolled in their second semester of the “Sijil Khas Operasi Katering” program at Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan (PIS), Johor. The findings indicate that the use of the AR-assisted learning kit significantly improves the visualization, understanding, and motivation of hearing-impaired students in understanding chef uniform ethics. The levels of visualization, understanding, and motivation of hearing-impaired students demonstrated high achievements after using the AR-assisted learning kit. Additionally, no significant differences were found between male and female hearing-impaired students, suggesting that the AR-assisted chef uniform ethics learning kit benefits all hearing-impaired students equally, regardless of gender. The results of this study highlight the potential of AR in supporting inclusive education and improving learning outcomes for students with special needs, offering an innovative approach for future educational tools in vocational programs. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the positive impact of AR in creating an inclusive, engaging, and effective learning environment for hearing-impaired students, in alignment with the goals of inclusive education in Malaysia.
Learning Kit, Augmented Reality, Visualization, Understanding, Motivation, Hearing Impaired Students
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Preliminary Assessment of TVET Integration in Early Preschool Science Education Through The Farm-to-Table Approach
Planting seeds in young minds goes beyond textbooks, it thrives in soil, sunlight, and hands-on experience. This study explores the effectiveness of the Farm-to-Table approach in enhancing preschoolers’ understanding of agriculture through experiential learning aligned with the Early Science (SA 3.4) curriculum and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) principles. Using a mixed-methods design, 30 preschool children aged 5–6 were assessed through pre- and post-assessment, structured observations, interviews, and task-based evaluations. Results showed a significant increase in post-assessment scores from a mean of 52.00 to 76.83 (t = –14.02, p = 0.008), indicating a 47.7% improvement in agricultural knowledge. Memory reinforcement also rose by 19.18% (t = 8.03, p < 0.001), suggesting enhanced retention and understanding. Furthermore, 90% of the students demonstrated measurable improvements in fine and gross motor skills, as confirmed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test results (Z = –4.10 and –4.21, p < 0.001). Additionally, 85% showed improved classroom collaboration, communication, and teamwork during activities. These findings confirm that the Farm-to-Table approach, when combined with gamification and technical elements, fosters cognitive, physical, and social development. By bridging theoretical knowledge with real-world experiences, this approach not only supports curriculum goals but also prepares children with essential life skills, setting a strong foundation for lifelong learning and holistic growth.
Digital Competency Among Technical & Vocational Education Undergraduate Students
The rapid development of digital technology has driven the need for digitalization across various sectors, including education. In Malaysia, digital competence has become a vital attribute for graduates to meet the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In response, the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia has implemented initiatives to equip graduates with relevant digital skills. This study aims to assess the level of digital competence among undergraduate students at the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education (FPTV), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), and to examine differences based on gender and programme of study. A quantitative survey was conducted with 344 students, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics via SPSS. The findings indicate that most students demonstrate an advanced level of digital competence. The study provides insights that can help students and the faculty strengthen digital skills to enhance graduate employability.
Optimizing Instruction in Air Conditioning Technology: A VAK Learning Styles Perspective in Malaysia TVET
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) refers to technology-focused education in Malaysia. TVET emphasizes skill-based education programs to meet industrial needs, with air conditioning technology being a prominent area of focus within TVET. Air conditioning is a technology that controls the temperature and humidity of the air in a particular area. Aviation maintenance students at a TVET university must study air conditioning and cabin pressure. This topic is essential for ensuring the safety and comfort of passengers while traveling by air. Some methods of transmitting knowledge about inaccessible parts of the aircraft are ineffective, resulting in a lack of engagement and comprehension among students. The study examines the insufficient teaching resources for Module 11 on turbine airplane aerodynamics, structure, and systems, particularly focusing on the air conditioning and cabin pressure subtopic at a Malaysian polytechnic. This study employs the product design and development research (DDR) technique. The researcher concentrated on creating an instructional teaching board for the educational process through a quantitative approach. The concept is rooted in Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles, aiming to enhance learning experiences for students and teachers. The research adheres to the ADDIE instructional design technique, progressing through analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. Three experts evaluated a questionnaire based on specific predetermined criteria for this research. They all concurred that the teaching board paradigm is effective as a teaching tool. The aircraft air conditioning basic cycle model is anticipated to significantly enhance the teaching and learning process.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Readiness of Green Skill Implementation among Welding Program Students at Public Skill Training Center
In recent years, green skills have begun to receive significant attention and are increasingly taken seriously by the public, driven by the rapid advancement of green technologies globally, including in Malaysia. In response to this trend, the present study was conducted to assess the awareness and readiness to implement green skills among students enrolled in the Welding Technology Program at a Public Skills Training Center (ILKA) in Batu Pahat. A total of 101 Welding Technology Program students participated in the study. Descriptive analysis, including mean and standard deviation, was employed to analyze the data. The reliability coefficient for the research instrument was high, α = 0.94. Overall, the findings indicate a highly encouraging level of awareness of green skills among the students, with the majority demonstrating a strong personal awareness of green skill implementation at ILKA. In terms of knowledge, the level of implementation of green skills was also positive, as most respondents agreed with the items assessing their understanding of green concepts. Similarly, students showed favorable attitudes toward green skills, further reinforcing their readiness to adopt environmentally responsible practices. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that welding students at the ILKA exhibit a commendable level of readiness to implement green skills, both in knowledge and attitude, reflecting their potential to contribute effectively to the green industry.
Exploring The Relationship between Personal Factors and Digital Competency Using The DigComp Framework among Vocational College Students
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed the skills demanded by modern economies, prompting educational institutions to adapt accordingly. Within Malaysia’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system, digital competencies are now emphasized as essential components of employability and lifelong learning. This study investigates the relationship between personal factors and digital competency levels among students in a Vocational College in Johor, guided by the European Commission’s DigComp Framework. A quantitative survey was conducted among 182 students across diploma and certificate programs. The instrument, adapted from the DigComp Self-Assessment Tool (DigCompSAT), assessed five key digital dimensions: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem solving. Correlational analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between personal factors, namely, access to ICT resources and participation in ICT-related training, and students’ digital competence levels. The findings suggest that individual exposure to digital environments outside formal education contributes meaningfully to students’ readiness for digitally mediated work contexts. The study highlights the need for enhanced access to digital infrastructure and targeted skills training as part of institutional strategies to strengthen digital readiness among vocational learners. These findings carry important implications for curriculum developers, TVET policymakers, and institutional leadership, who are responsible for ensuring that graduate competencies remain responsive to the dynamic requirements of the digital economy. Specifically, the integration of structured digital skills training, equitable access to digital infrastructure, and alignment of learning outcomes with the Malaysian Qualification Framework for digital competency should be prioritized to better prepare students for the realities of a technology-driven workforce.
Tahap Pengetahuan Membina Item Ujian dalam Kalangan Pensyarah TVET
Malay: Walaupun pembinaan item ujian adalah aspek penting dalam menilai keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di institusi pengajian tinggi, masih terdapat pendidik yang kurang menguasai kemahiran membina item ujian yang selaras dengan objektif pembelajaran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan membina item ujian dalam kalangan pensyarah di Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (FPTV) serta mengkaji hubungan antara tahap pengetahuan tersebut dengan pengalaman mengajar dan perbezaan dengan kelayakan ikhtisas pendidikan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan melalui borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada pensyarah FPTV. Responden dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak, yang terdiri daripada pensyarah dengan dan tanpa ikhtisas pendidikan. Seramai 37 pensyarah telah menjawab borang soal selidik yang telah diedarkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengetahuan membina item ujian dalam kalangan pensyarah FPTV adalah tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengalaman mengajar dengan tahap pengetahuan membina item ujian. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mendapati tiada perbezaan yang signifikan dalam tahap pengetahuan membina item ujian antara pensyarah yang mempunyai ikhtisas pendidikan dan yang tidak mempunyai ikhtisas pendidikan. Kesimpulannya, walaupun tahap pengetahuan membina item ujian adalah tinggi dalam kalangan pensyarah FPTV, pengalaman mengajar dan kelayakan ikhtisas pendidikan tidak memainkan peranan yang signifikan. Implikasi daripada kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa latihan berterusan dalam pembinaan item ujian adalah penting untuk semua pensyarah, tanpa mengira latar belakang pendidikan mereka, bagi memastikan kualiti penilaian yang konsisten dan berkesan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. English: The construction of test items is an important aspect in evaluating the success of teaching and learning at the higher education level. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge of building test items among lecturers at the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education (FPTV) as well as examine the relationship between the level of knowledge and teaching experience and differences with educational specialist qualifications. This study uses a quantitative approach and uses a survey method through a questionnaire distributed to FPTV lecturers. Respondents were selected through a random sampling method, consisting of lecturers with and without educational specialization. A total of 37 lecturers have answered the questionnaire that has been distributed. The results of the study show that the level of knowledge of constructing test items among FPTV lecturers is high. However, there is no significant relationship between teaching experience and the level of knowledge of constructing test items. In addition, this study also found no significant difference in the level of knowledge of constructing test items between lecturers who have an education specialization and those who do not have an education specialization. In conclusion, although the level of knowledge of constructing test items is high among FPTV lecturers, teaching experience and educational qualifications do not play a significant role. Implications from this study suggest that ongoing training in the construction of test items is important for all lecturers, regardless of their educational background, to ensure consistent and effective assessment quality in teaching and learning.
Faktor Peribadi dan Persekitaran yang Mempengaruhi Pelajar Kolej Komuniti Meneruskan Kerjaya dalam Bidang Pertanian
Malay: Kekurangan tenaga pekerja mahir dalam sektor pertanian akan menjadi masalah sekiranya jumlah kemasukan pelajar baharu ke kolej pertanian yang semakin menurun tidak dibendung. Pelbagai faktor seperti persepsi kurang baik terhadap sektor pertanian menyebabkan pelajar tidak berminat untuk menceburi bidang ini. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyertaan pelajar kolej komuniti dalam meneruskan kerjaya dalam bidang pertanian. 80 orang mahasiswa daripada Kolej Komuniti Jerantut, Kolej Komuniti Bera, Kolej Komuniti Tambunan dan Kolej Komuniti Rembau telah menjadi responden dalam kajian ini. Borang soal selidik diedarkan secara dalam talian (Google Forms) melalui wakil institusi. Data telah dianalisis secara deskriptif, skewness, korelasi dan regrasi dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 27.0. Secara keseluruhan, hasil kajian mendapati faktor peribadi dan faktor persekitaran mempunyai hubung kait yang signifikan dengan tahap penyertaan pelajar dalam meneruskan kerjaya dalam bidang pertanian dan elemen minat merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pelajar dalam menyertai bidang pertanian. English: The shortage of skilled labour in the agricultural sector will become a problem if the decline in new student enrollment in colleges is not curbed. Various factors, such as negative perceptions of the agricultural sector, cause students to lose interest in pursuing this field. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that influence the participation of community college students in continuing their careers in agriculture. Eighty students from Jerantut Community College, Bera Community College, Tambunan Community College and Rembau Community College were respondents in this study. Questionnaires were distributed online (Google Forms) through institutional representatives. Data were analyzed descriptively, using skewness tests, correlations and regressions using SPSS version 27.0. Overall, the results of the study found that personal factors and environmental factors have a significant relationship with the level of student participation in continuing their careers in agriculture, and the element of interest is the factor that most influence students in participating in the agricultural field.
Kesediaan Institusi TVET Ke Arah Penggunaan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Era Digital
Malay: Revolusi Perindustrian 4.0 dan pandemik COVID-19 telah mempercepatkan peralihan ke arah pendidikan digital, khususnya dalam Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan fleksibiliti, keberkesanan, dan hasil pembelajaran dalam proses pendigitalan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap kesediaan institusi TVET di Malaysia terhadap penerimaan dan pengintegrasian teknologi AI, antara pelajar dan staf pentadbiran, serta mengenal pasti perbezaan kesediaan antara kedua-dua kumpulan dalam konteks pendidikan era digital. Kajian ini menggunakan rekabentuk kajian tinjauan dengan mengadaptasi model kesediaan teknologi AI yang merangkumi tujuh (7) dimensi utama: pekerja dan budaya, pengurusan teknologi, tadbir urus organisasi dan kepimpinan, strategi, infrastruktur, pengurusan pengetahuan dan maklumat, serta keselamatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada pelajar dan staf pentadbiran di Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). Seramai 460 responden terlibat, terdiri daripada 392 pelajar sarjana muda dan 68 staf pentadbiran daripada enam (6) buah fakulti di UTHM. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kesediaan yang tinggi di kalangan pelajar dan staf pentadbiran, walaupun terdapat perbezaan dalam aspek tertentu seperti literasi teknologi, strategi tangkas, dan pelaburan teknologi. Pelajar lebih memberi tumpuan kepada keberhasilan teknologi, manakala staf pentadbiran lebih menekankan strategi jangka panjang dan keselamatan. Kajian ini turut mengenal pasti cabaran seperti kekurangan infrastruktur, pemahaman terhadap strategi, dan kurangnya pendedahan teknologi.Implikasi teori dan praktikal dicadangkan, termasuk penyediaan latihan teknologi, pelaburan dalam infrastruktur, dan pengukuhan kerjasama industri untuk memastikan keberkesanan pengintegrasian AI dalam pendidikan. Penemuan kajian memberikan panduan penting untuk memperkukuhkan transformasi digital di institusi TVET demi mencapai matlamat Dasar TVET Negara 2030. English: The Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the transition to digital education, especially for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). In this age of fast digitalization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is critical for increasing flexibility, effectiveness, and learning outcomes. This research aims to evaluate Malaysian TVET institutions' preparedness to embrace and integrate AI, analyzing both students and administrative personnel and identifying any disparities in this digital era. We designed a poll based on an AI readiness model with seven major dimensions: workforce and culture, technology management, organizational governance and leadership, strategy, infrastructure, knowledge and information management, and security. Data was gathered from 460 respondents (392 undergraduate students and 68 administrative personnel) from six faculties at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The findings reveal that both groups are highly prepared, yet distinct differences emerged in areas like as technical literacy, flexible methods, and technology investment. Students were particularly interested in the benefits of technology, whilst staff were more concerned with long-term strategy and security. Challenges noted include a lack of infrastructure, a limited understanding of tactics, and insufficient exposure to technology. We suggest theoretical and practical solutions, such as improved technological training, more infrastructure investment, and stronger industrial relationships, to guarantee that AI is properly integrated into education. These findings provide critical insight for furthering digital transformation in TVET institutions, helping them accomplish the objectives of the National. These findings offer crucial guidance for advancing digital transformation in TVET institutions, helping them achieve the objectives of the National TVET Policy 2030.
Exploring Data-Driven Culture in The Construction Industry: Insights from Industry Practitioners
In previous studies, attributes, sub-attributes and indicators of data driven culture has been studied within the organizations specifically for the construction industry. Nevertheless, there has been no further study conducted on the perspective of construction industry personnels about their viewpoint on the indicators associated with a data-driven culture. Thus, the aim of this research is to cover the gap of data by identifying “perspectives” of industry practitioners on data driven culture in the construction industry. The study started by using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) as a method of literature study, then obtaining validation from 18 practitioners from construction industry analysed by using thematic analysis, and Relative Importance Index (RII). The highest RII value recorded based on each sub-attributes listed are: D1 – knowledge and expertise, ID3 – availability of fund, C4 – competency, U7 – building model exploration, P1 – register based statistics, P3 – information extraction and P8 – control strategy. The finding of this study benefit construction industry stakeholders to become more skilled, cooperative and dynamic through the documented acknowledgment of their perspective as practitioners in digital construction as emphasized in Malaysian Digital Construction and Industry 4.0 Roadmap 2020-2025.
Exploring Sustainable Initiatives for Campus Operations at the University of Technology Sarawak
Sustainable initiatives are crucial for addressing environmental challenges and promoting development. Sustainability is becoming a top priority for educational institutions worldwide, with the higher education sector constantly striving to incorporate environmentally friendly practices into its operations. However, more information about the current sustainable initiatives at the University of Technology Sarawak (UTS) is required. Hence, this research aims to investigate UTS's sustainability initiatives, focusing on campus operations. This research adopted a qualitative approach to investigate sustainable initiatives at the University of Technology Sarawak (UTS). Using a case study method, the study provided an in-depth analysis of sustainable practices across the campus's physical and built environments. Data were collected through campus site inventories from the Maintenance Facilities and Security Department, UTS, and site analyses, which documented and evaluated various operational aspects. The findings identified eight critical areas for achieving sustainable campus operations: buildings, air and climate, energy, food, grounds, transportation, waste management, and water sustainability. The sustainability initiatives implemented by UTS have successfully mitigated its adverse environmental effects and fostered a widespread culture of sustainability across the institution. These notable discoveries have generated a surge of interest from other higher education institutions, motivating them to contemplate and adopt equally extensive, campus-wide strategies that may significantly enhance their sustainability endeavors.
A Holistic Review of Sustainable Housing Attributes
This paper conducts a holistic review of studies on sustainable housing, focusing on the holistic attributes that will impact the sustainable house value as a whole. By reviewing 18 articles on sustainable house previous research, this paper identifies and examines key criteria for sustainable housing, derived from environmental, economic, social, and physical perspectives. The analysis of this study found 9 characteristics or attributes that consist of Environmental; Energy Efficiency (1), Water Efficiency (2), and Waste Management (3). For Economic; Job Opportunity (4) and Economic Facilities (5), while for Social Dimension it includes Security and Safety (6), Amenities and Infrastructure (7). The author also adds the Physical Dimension as an additional to simplify the adjudication for building condition, the attributes for this dimension are Building Layout and Design (8), and Building Materials (9). These criteria serve as a framework for assessing sustainable housing and offer a foundation for future studies aimed at adapting sustainable practices to evolving needs. The findings aim to assist in understanding how sustainable housing holistic attributes can be valued in the adjudication process.
Holistic attributes, sustainable house, sustainable house design technique, sustainable development parameters, sustainable house valuation
Building Safety Regulations in The Construction of Housing Projects
Building safety regulation was become the main issue in the construction industry because of the increased rate of death and injury among workers in the workplace. This research aims to identify effective safety compliance towards the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) by developers and consultants to minimise the risk in the construction of housing projects. The objective is to explore the importance of building safety regulations in the construction of housing projects. The interview session has been conducted among developers and consultants in the construction industry, which are currently involved in construction of housing projects. All the data collected were examined utilising theme analytic techniques. The study has identified that there were six (6) themes of impacts with non-compliance with safety regulations, (1) Financial penalties, (2) Loss of productivity, (3) Damage to the end loss of materials, plant, and equipment, (4) Time loss, (5) Endangering lives and (6) Industry disqualification. This findings will be able to determine the effects of non-compliance with safety regulation requirements in the construction of housing projects.
Motion Graphics as a Medium of Knowledge Transfer in Creating Awareness Campaign Towards River Pollution in Selangor
Situated in Southeast Asia, Malaysia is rich in natural resources including its extensive river systems. The river's delights serve as a mean for locals to engage in their daily routines. Nevertheless, the contamination of these waterways due to human activities poses significant threats to both human populations and wildlife. Selangor, one of the states in Malaysia, has a significant influence on the sustainability of rivers in the region due to its large population. Numerous initiatives were carried out to enhance public awareness about the importance of maintaining clean waterways. Given the effectiveness of motion graphics as a contemporary marketing tool, integrating it into awareness campaigns could prove beneficial. The aim of this study is to examine the cause and effect of river pollution in Selangor, the cause of motion graphics is not utilised as a knowledge transfer medium and the elements of motion graphics to communicate effectively. The methodology employed in this study is a mixed-method approach, incorporating a preliminary investigation, literature review, questionnaires, and document analysis. The significance of this project lies in its potential to increase public awareness in keeping rivers in Selangor clean through motion graphics.
Motion graphics, Knowledge transfer, River pollution, Selangor River
Ethical Improprieties During the Procurement Stage in The Malaysian Construction Industry
This paper examines critical ethical challenges in procurement within Malaysia's construction industry, focusing on issues like transparency lapses, bid rigging, bribery, and collusion. These unethical practices are attributed to weak systems, unclear ethical standards, and inadequate awareness of regulations, particularly in complex procurement processes. The study evaluates the determinants, consequences, and preventive measures for such violations, emphasizing the significant economic, reputational, and regulatory impacts. Data was collected from construction stakeholders, including developers, consultants, contractors, and government agencies, using a quantitative survey methodology. Results reveal that ineffective management, poor legislation, and weak governance are primary contributors to unethical behavior. Major consequences include a pervasive culture of bribery and corruption. Recommended preventive measures include strict penalties such as fines, suspensions, blacklisting, and enforcing severe legal actions like imprisonment to uphold integrity and transparency.
Integrating Emerging Technologies in Construction: Exploring Industry Awareness and Adoption
The construction industry is undergoing significant transformation due to the integration of emerging technologies. However, awareness and adoption of these technologies may be limited, preventing broader application and full potential. A lack of adequate knowledge hinders the industry's ability to harness these technologies for improving construction processes. This study aims to assess the awareness and adoption of emerging technologies among key players in the construction industry. By identifying which technologies are well-known and which remain unfamiliar, the research seeks to analyze the most prevalent and widely recognized emerging technologies in the construction industry. A quantitative research approach was employed, using a probability sampling technique. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to participants within the construction industry, with 75 responses returned and analyzed. The data were summarized using nominal and interval scales and analyzed through frequency and descriptive analysis. The findings reveal significant variation in the awareness of emerging technologies among respondents. Technologies such as Drones, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are among the most recognized, reflecting higher levels of familiarity within the industry. Conversely, technologies like Blockchain and Digital Twin are less well-known, indicating a gap in awareness. Overall, the study finds that respondents' knowledge of emerging technologies is predominantly at a basic to average level, with limited advanced understanding. By focusing on increasing awareness of lesser-known technologies and enhancing overall technological literacy, the construction industry can better leverage emerging technologies to improve practices and performances.
Assessing Poverty and Unemployment in Sabah: The Role of Mobile Job Matching Platforms in Reducing Economic Disparities
Sabah, also called the Negeri di Bawah Bayu, is the second largest state in Malaysia, covering 72,500 square kilometres. Sabah is the world's third-largest island in northern Borneo (Press Release Re-Discovering Sabah, 2023). The Sulu Sea also encloses the state in the northeast, the Celebes Sea in the east, and the South China Sea in the west (Sabah Government Official Website, n.d.). Despite its vast population, the state has a high poverty rate. In order to achieve the research aim, which is to identify the reasons for the existence of a population with poverty in Sabah. Quantitative research design has been employed as the primary method to achieve the research objective. A set of online surveys has been conducted with 383 respondents from Kota Marudu to identify the poverty population and the reason for poverty in Sabah. Kota Marudu was chosen as the sampling of the research because it was recorded as the poorest city in Sabah (Chan, 2022; Azzeri et al., 2020). Therefore, the researcher also used Google Forms to analyse the data collected from the online survey. As the results revealed, Sabah has a high poverty rate, which is caused by several reasons: foreign immigration, inadequate infrastructure, and rural neglect. Undoubtedly, the unemployment rate has reached its peak figure, which has led users to use the job matching platform on mobile applications to reduce unemployment in Sabah. This study significantly helps to reduce poverty, offers a better standard of living, and influences Sabah's socioeconomic status.
Poverty, Unemployment, Job Matching Platform, Mobile Applications, Sabah.
Transforming TVET with AI: Economic Benefits of Technological Innovation in Education
TVET is indispensable for building up the skilled human capital which is vital for the competitiveness of the economy and enhancing social cohesion. This systematic review focuses on the adoption of AI in TVET to assess its potential to revolutionize the sector and contribute to economic development. The research includes identification of the key academic databases containing articles and papers relevant to the AI in TVET, and emphasis on the recent publications. This is in line with the key findings highlighted above in sections on; Personalisation in learning. Administrative automation in institutions, AI and Industry needs at TAFE Queensland and Nanyang Polytechnic institutions. The review finds that AI in TVET positively impacts employment prospects, alleviates costs, and fosters innovations, implying that coordinated partnerships and policies should be pursued to optimise the AI benefits and contribute to sustainable economic development.
The Role of Human Dignity Philosophy in TVET Student Representative Council
The philosophy of human dignity plays a vital role in shaping leadership within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions, particularly in the context of Student Representative Councils (SRC). This conceptual paper explores how the integration of human dignity principles, enhances the effectiveness of SRC in TVET settings. Drawing on leadership theories and the challenges faced by young leaders, especially in terms of biases and limited authority, the paper examines how SRCs can foster ethical decision-making and student engagement by upholding human dignity. It also discusses the moderating influence of transformational leadership, emphasizing that leadership practices that inspire, challenge, and include all students can significantly improve the outcomes of human dignity-centered leadership. By embracing these principles, SRC can cultivate an environment where student voices are valued, and future leaders are prepared to engage ethically and inclusively in both academic and societal contexts.
Are Malaysia's Graduates Prepared The Fourth Industrial Revolution Workforce?: A systematic Literature Review
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is defined by artificial technologies and the Internet of Things, leading to the disappearance of some jobs while creating new ones. Most emerging technologies require advanced technical expertise and academic qualifications, significantly impacting employment, education, and TVET training for skilled workers. Skilled labor is essential for economic advancement and achieving a high-income economy, making it crucial to enhance the quality and participation in TVET. This literature review identifies the new skills needed in the workforce for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on "fourth industrial revolution skills" and "graduate readiness." The literature is categorized into nine Malaysia Future-Proof Skills: 1) Creativity & Innovation, 2) Holistic, Entrepreneurial & Balance, 3) Resilience, 4) Leadership, 5) Compassion & Mindfulness, 6) Value & Ethics, 7) Flexibility & Adaptability, 8) Critical Thinking & Problem Solving, and 9) Communication & Language Proficiency. Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology and the PRISMA procedure, this study synthesizes findings from journals and industry reports. The findings suggest that the nine Future-Proof Skills are consistent with the requirements of businesses that are in search of 4IR professionals. Therefore, further research on human resource perspectives regarding 4IR skills is necessary. Strengthening these skills among Malaysian graduates is vital to fostering high-quality, future-proof talent. To thrive in the machine-human technology era of 4IR, Malaysian graduates must embrace all nine future-proof skills. This study aims to enhance understanding of 4IR skills among graduates, institutions, and industries.
Personal Learning Environments (PLE) Among Malaysian Students
The paper aims to explore the correlations between Malaysian students Personal Learning Environments PLE in terms of four significant factors; self-concept, planning and management, tool & resource utilization as well as social interaction. The emphasis is on variances such as in age, gender and wealth. Out of 198 students aged 13 to 17, the data indicated that 66.2% scored "High" in social interaction, with similar numbers for use of tools and resources (72.7%), planning and management (80.8%), and self-concept (84.8%). These qualities are only very slightly correlated with age, as older student generally perform better. To take one example, 92% of that solenoid needed for 17-year-olds were scored as "High" in Self-Concept than just 70% of those solenoid needed for 13-year-olds. Gender Differences: In all dimensions, women outperform men and employ Planning Tools and group learning effectively with PLE tools. Limitations such as limited access to technology compound wealth disparities, meaning many lower-income students experience very different patterns of social interaction and resource utilization. Our findings highlight the need for inclusive PLE designs and targeted interventions, such as equitable access to digital devices and tools; gender-sensitive design features, and personalised supports—if PLE benefits are to be maximised for diverse learner populations.
Personal Learning Environment (PLE), Self-concept, Planning and management, tool and resource and Socialisation
Enhancing Digital Literacy in TVET Education Through Feminist Pedagogy
Digital literacy is essential in today's technology-driven economy, enabling individuals to effectively utilize digital tools for information retrieval, critical thinking, and creative collaboration. Despite its significance, digital literacy in the bakery business sector remains underexplored, with challenges such as aligning university curricula with industry needs and assessing government initiatives in this niche market. This study aims to address these issues by examining the perspectives of bakery business owners on the interaction between universities, industry, and government in promoting digital literacy through the Triple Helix Model. The Triple Helix Model emphasizes the importance of collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers to foster innovation and skill development. Incorporating feminist pedagogy into this framework further enhances the study's approach by promoting collaborative learning, inclusivity, and empowerment. Feminist pedagogy's focus on creating equitable access to digital literacy aligns with the goals of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in breaking down traditional gender barriers and encouraging diverse participation in technology-oriented fields. Through a quantitative methodology involving questionnaires administered to 57 bakery business merchants in a prominent bakery district in Malaysia, the study reveals that perceptions of the university’s role in promoting digital literacy are moderate (mean = 3.23), the industry's role is also moderate (mean = 3.43), while the government's role is perceived as high (mean = 3.71). The findings highlight the potential of integrating feminist pedagogy within the Triple Helix framework to create a more inclusive and innovative environment where digital literacy serves as a tool for empowerment. This approach not only benefits the bakery business sector but also strengthens TVET’s capacity to cultivate a digitally literate workforce that is adaptable and resilient in an evolving digital landscape.
Enhancing TVET Learning: Aesthetic and Pedagogical Module Design Approach
Currently, the field of education has evolved rapidly, particularly in teaching and learning methods, which now extend beyond just the concept and curriculum of education. Modules are commonly utilized in technical fields to enhance knowledge and skills in the teaching and learning process, particularly in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), a fundamental area in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Incorporating aesthetics in technical learning modules enhances engagement by integrating visual, sensory, and emotional elements. This approach boosts cognitive involvement, motivation, and knowledge retention, creating a more immersive learning experience. As such, the HVAC learning module does not effectively engage cognitive processes, hindering the deep understanding and retention of crucial concepts among learners. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to design, develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Refrigerant Handling Learning Module for Air Conditioning Systems. The module's design followed the Sidek and Jamaluddin Model, comprising two phases and 8 steps that must be followed during the learning module's creation process. Additionally, this module has been designed based on the Felder-Silverman learning style as a pedagogical technique. This study employs a quantitative methodology utilizing a questionnaire as the research instrument. Three experienced experts in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning industry provided feedback on the assessment of the developed learning module. The questionnaire evaluates three main aspects: the suitability of module content, module design and module functionality. The questionnaire analysis will be displayed as a percentage. The study determined that the learning module's development achieved its objectives and was deemed satisfactory. The researcher's learning module intends to improve the efficacy and efficiency of teachers and students in the educational process. Ultimately, it is anticipated that the created learning module will be advantageous and yield favorable outcomes in terms of teaching and learning effectiveness for its users.
Implementing Technology Leadership Competency Standards for School Leaders: Enhancing Educational Quality in the Digital Age
Technological advancements are profoundly impacting various aspects of life, including education. This study investigates the necessity of Technology Leadership Competency Standards for school leaders to facilitate technology integration in schools. Employing a qualitative approach with basic interpretive methods, the study gathered insights through expert interviews. The findings reveal that clear guidelines, teacher collaboration, and adequate time for digitalization are essential for effective technology use in schools. Standards like the TPACK framework offer valuable guidance for school leaders. Uniform technology use across schools enhances teaching and learning outcomes. Implementing these standards ensures schools are prepared for future technological challenges and fosters ongoing growth and innovation in education
Leadership, Educational Technology, School Management, Organization Management
technical and vocational education and training
Copyright (c) 2024 Online Journal for TVET Practitioners https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge Mapping of Vocational Education Employability Skills Research (2004-2024): A Visualized Analysis based on Citespace
This study provides a comprehensive knowledge mapping of higher vocational education employability skills research conducted from 2004 to 2024. Utilizing Citespace, a powerful bibliometric and visual analysis tool, the research aims to uncover key trends, influential authors, seminal publications, and emerging themes within this field. Data were meticulously collected from Web of Science which is a leading academic database, Ensure a robust analysis framework. Through co-citation and keyword analysis, explore the development trend of research topics in recent years, determine the main areas of research activities, explore the evolution stage of this major and the main trends at this stage, and make preparations for better formulating relevant strategies in the future. This study recognizes the contributions of national authors, journals, countries and institutions in the study of employability skills. This study provides a bibliometric summary of research on employability skills in higher vocational education in recent years. The data was taken from Web of Science database for the period 2004-2024 and data was analyzed using Citespace software. In the study Web of science database downloaded 1499 documents. The researchers found that the concerns searched in the database mainly include employability skills, vocational education, institutional change, vocational training, learning transfer, professional development, cognitive abilities, labor market, and professions. This study informs researchers by providing essential background knowledge about employability skills for visual and quantitative research. Therefore, this approach allows for the observation of research gaps and deeper academic discussions on employability skills in higher vocational education. The study demonstrates the hotspots and trends in the research of employability skills in higher vocational education, which are discussed and summarized in the hope that it can give more inspiration to the researchers behind.
Higher vocational education, employability skills, visualized analysis, citespace
Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education
The Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Problem--Solving Skills Among Vocational College Technical Students
This study examines the relationship between critical thinking and problem-solving skills among technical students at Vocational Colleges. Using a descriptive survey research approach with a questionnaire instrument, the study sample consisted of 271 final-year technical students from Batu Pahat Vocational College, Johor, and Kuantan Vocational College, Pahang. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software using Pearson's mean score, percentage, and correlation. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive relationship between critical thinking and problem-solving skills among Vocational College technical students. This study aims to justify the research hypothesis. The implication of this study is the importance of strengthening critical thinking and problem-solving skills in the curriculum and teaching strategies to prepare Vocational College technical students to become more competent and adaptive individuals in facing the challenges of a complex and changing world. It is hoped that the results of this study can significantly contribute to the development of technical and vocational education and provide guidance for preparing a more effective curriculum to cultivate both skills among Vocational College technical students.
Critical Thinking, Problem Solving Skills, Technical and Vocational Education, Relationships, Vocational Colleges.
Critical Thinking Skills, Problem-Solving, TVET
Power Distribution Transformer Maintenance Skills Required By Electrical Engineering Technology Students Of Polytechnics In North-East Nigeria
This study determined the power distribution transformer maintenance skills required by Electrical Engineering Technology students of polytechnics in North-East Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study which employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 144 comprising of 135 Electrical Engineering Technology Lecturers, 3 Power Transformer Maintenance Technicians and 6 Electric Power Distribution Company-Based Supervisors. The entire population was used hence, there was no sampling. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled: Power Distribution Transformer Maintenance Skills Required Questionnaire (PDTMSRQ) developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated by three experts and a reliability of 0.74 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Mean statistic was used to answer the research questions while ANOVA was used to test the two null hypotheses of the study at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the Electrical Engineering Technology students of polytechnics in North-East Nigeria required preventive, predictive and corrective maintenance skills. The study recommended the following: Lecturers should encourage the students’ skill acquisition process by exposing them to various maintenance activities in order for them to imbibe the different methods of power transformer maintenance; Students should be trained to recognize sounds and sights of faulty equipment in order to predict the parts or components that needed replacement or repairs
TVET (Design and Technology) Pre-service teachers
Knowledge, Usage and Perceived Side Effects of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) among Catering Student at UTHM
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a common flavor enhancer, yet perceptions of its safety remain mixed. This study assessed catering students’ knowledge, usage, and perceived side effects of MSG at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered to 92 students using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, MSG knowledge, usage patterns, and perceived side effects; descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) were computed in SPSS version 26.0. Overall, respondents demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge about MSG and a moderate level of usage, while perceived side effects were rated high on average, indicating persistent concerns about adverse effects despite moderate understanding and use. These findings suggest the need for targeted education on evidence-based safety thresholds, labeling literacy, and best-practice application of flavor enhancers in culinary settings. Future research should compare cohorts (e.g., by year of study or exposure to food science coursework) and incorporate inferential analyses to examine associations among knowledge, usage, and perceived side effects.
Tahap Efikasi Kendiri dan Hubungannya Dengan Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru RBT Di Maktab Rendah Sains MARA
Tahap efikasi dan kompetensi guru sentiasa menjadi perbahasan penting dalam usaha memastikan guru kekal kompeten bagi melaksanakan tanggungjawab keguruan yang penuh dengan cabaran. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti tahap efikasi guru dan hubungannya dengan peningkatan kompetensi guru-guru di MRSM. Reka bentuk kajian adalah secara kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik. Kaedah persampelan berperingkat dalam kalangan guru MRSM digunakan untuk pemilihan sampel. Ia dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistic Procedure for Social Science 25.0 untuk menganalisis dapatan deskriptif dan inferensi. Kajian mendapati tahap efikasi kendiri guru di MRSM berada pada tahap tinggi iaitu (M=7.32, SP=0.93). Melalui analisis korelasi Pearson juga menjadi bukti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara efikasi guru dengan peningkatan kompetensi guru iaitu tahap signifikan p<.01, nilai korelasi pearson ditunjukkan adalah r=.529. Dapatan kajian ini juga membuktikan bahawa kaedah pengajaran dalam domain efikasi guru-guru di MRSM menjadi peramal utama terhadap peningkatan kompetensi. Dapatan kajian juga memberikan pengetahuan berguna kepada guru, pihak pengurusan MRSM dan mereka yang terlibat dalam memastikan efikasi guru sentiasa berada pada tahap tinggi yang akan memberi kesan terhadap peningkatan kompetensi guru.
Efikasi Kendiri, Peningkatan Kompetensi, Guru RBT, Maktab Rendah Sains MARA
Penerapan Kemahiran Insaniah Dalam Pengajaran Guru Bagi Murid Berkeperluan Pendidikan Khas Di SMPK Vokasional Malaysia
Murid Berkeperluan Pendidikan Khas menghadapi pelbagai cabaran dalam kehidupan mereka sebelum mendapat peluang menembusi pasaran kerja sebenar. Bagi meningkatkan peluang kerjaya mereka dan seterusnya memenuhi aspirasi majikan, mereka perlu dilengkapi dengan kemahiran insaniah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penerapan kemahiran insaniah dalam kalangan guru dalam mengajar murid berkeperluan khas iaitu mereka yang berada dalam kategori masalah pembelajaran (kurang upaya intelektual) di Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas Vokasional (SMPKV) di Malaysia. Kajian kes telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan data yang padat dan terperinci. Seramai sepuluh orang peserta dipilih berdasarkan pencapaian titik penentuan ketepuan dalam kajian kualitatif. Protokol temu bual separa berstruktur digunakan sebagai instrumen. Semakan dokumen juga digunakan sebagai triangulasi dalam mengukuhkan data yang diperoleh. Didapati bahawa kemahiran berkomunikasi merupakan kemahiran yang paling kerap diterapkan bersama dengan kemahiran belajar dan bekerja dalam kumpulan. Untuk membantu guru menerapkan kemahiran insaniah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran mereka, satu senarai semak telah dihasilkan. Kajian yang lebih komprehensif diharapkan akan dijalankan pada masa hadapan dengan melibatkan pentadbir sekolah dan guru cemerlang untuk lebih memahami kepentingan kemahiran insaniah yang diperlukan oleh murid berkeperluan khas.
Murid Keperluan Pendidikan Khas; Kemahiran Insaniah; Peluang Kerjaya Masalah Pembelajaran; Kurang Upaya Interlektual