Journal of Science and Technology
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST
<p align="justify">Journal of Science and Technology (JST) is an international journal aim to publish original and high quality articles (be it in theoretical or applied perspectives) on related aspects of science and technology. This peer reviews journal seek to publish TWO (2) issues annually.</p> <p align="justify">JST is devoted in providing a platform for the publication of full-length articles focusing (and not limited) to research areas as listed below:</p> <p align="justify">Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Statistics.</p>Penerbit UTHMen-USJournal of Science and Technology2229-8460<p><strong>Open access licenses</strong></p> <p>Open Access is by licensing the content with a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/choose/">Creative Commons (CC) license</a>. </p> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License"></a><br>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p> </p>The Effect of Nanowire Gap for Silicon Nanowire Transistor to the Current-Voltage (I-Vds)
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15088
<p>One-dimensional structures are attracting a lot of attention for optimizing applications as one of the most sensitive devices. Among the fabricated devices, silicon nanowires (SiNW) and silicon nanowire transistors (SiNWT) are of particular importance for promising applications fabricated using bottom-up or top-down approaches to nanoscale devices. In this paper, the sensitivity of the current-voltage characteristic to the nanowire gap of a silicon nanowire transistor (SiNWT) was analyzed. SiNWTs with different nanowire gaps were fabricated using scanning probe microscopy by local anodic oxidation (LOA). Varies gaps can be occurring during the fabrication processes and its can be controlled by RASTER programming in LAO. These gaps can give different results of the sensitivity to the volt-ampere response. However, these gaps can be neglected depending on the subject of the studies and important to the other study, especially in nano particle sensors. In this experiment, the nanowires gaps were developed in the range of 100.5-435.6 nm and had been plotted the measurement data with the volt-ampere response. The data was analyzed using a semiconductor analyzer connected to a HP 4156C SPA series software analysis model from Desert Cryogenics. From the results had been measured the Current-Voltage (IV) increases proportionally with the nanowire gap distance in the SINWT device and these results will give significant effects to the application in nanoparticle sensors.</p>Ahmad Makarimi AbdullahKhatijah Aisha YaacobNurain Najihah AliasMohd Azraie Mohd AzmiAsrulnizam Abd Manaf
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-13152110Aphrodisiac Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Azanza Garckeana Fruit Pulp in Fluoxetine-induced Sexually-impaired Female Rats
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15152
<p>This study aims to investigate the potential of <em>Azanza garckeana</em>, a plant traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, to reverse sexual dysfunction induced by an antidepressant ‘fluoxetine’ in female rats. Aqueous extract of <em>A. garckeana</em> fruit pulp was screened for its secondary metabolite compositions. Female rats were induced into sexual dysfunction using fluoxetine, then they were divided into six groups, and treated based on the group with oral administration of varying doses of <em>A. garckeana</em> extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) and a reference medication (Tadalafil) for seven days. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored and hormone levels (progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestrogen, and prolactin) were measured after the treatment period. Fluoxetine significantly (<em>p </em>< 0.05) reduced the frequencies of sexual behaviours in the rats, such as darting, hopping, lordosis, genital grooming, and licking behaviour, but increased the latencies of darting and hopping. However, the extract, at 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly (<em>p </em>< 0.05) reversed these changes in the sexual behavior of fluoxetine-induced rats in comparison to the effects of Tadalafil treatment. Furthermore, the extract significantly (<em>p </em>< 0.05) increased the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and prolactin in the blood but decreased oestrogen levels, especially at a dose of 500 mg/kg. The results of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of <em>A. garckeana</em> fruit pulp can improve sexual behavior and reproductive hormone concentrations, thereby potentially restoring sexual competence in sexually-dysfunctioned female rats. These findings provide additional support for the traditional use of <em>A. garckeana</em> in managing female sexual dysfunction.</p>Quadri Olaide NurudeenMuhammed Robiu AsinmiMansurat Bolanle FalanaMuhammad Ali Dikwa
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131521122Generating Correlations for Specific Volume, Enthalpy, and Entropy of Opteon: Utilizing a Novel Data Fitting Method
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15191
<p>Establishing precise data correlations is a fundamental necessity for effective design, simulation, and optimization of chemical processes. While several correlation-generating methods for data fitting exist, each brings a unique degree of complexity and accuracy. This study introduces a distinctive method, appropriately named, Proportional Nodes Method, for correlating data on surfaces with two independent variables, focusing on precise estimations of correlations for boundary curves and nodal variation at selected points. The application of the proportional node method results in a lower average percentage deviation than the Chebyshev polynomial method (±0.978 for the method utilizing Chebyshev polynomials and ±0.5378 for the Proportional Nodes Method). This novel method exhibits lower complexity and generates correlations with superior simplicity and accuracy. Furthermore, the method effectively develops correlations for three properties—specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy of superheated Opteon, a widely-used refrigerant in automotive air-conditioners. The resulting data shows a satisfactory percentage deviation from the actual data (<<u>+</u>0.22% for a specific volume, <<u>+</u>0.124 for enthalpy and <<u>+</u>0.125 for entropy). In addition, correlations have been generated for the saturated vapour<em>. </em>This method's potential extends to developing correlations for non-overlapping data with two independent variables, making it a powerful tool for chemical process optimization.</p>Sylvester Mumah
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131522334Impacts of Biochar Treatments on Some Soil Properties and Micronutrient Availability
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15247
<p>The application of biochar as a soil amendment has been recognized as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient strategy for restoring the fertility of the soil and increasing agricultural productivity. In this study, the impacts of <em>Senna tora</em> biochar treatments on soil properties and micronutrient availability in the farmlands of Misau, Bauchi State, Nigeria, were investigated. A complete randomized design replicated three times, which included control soil (no biochar/0 day), 30 days, and 60 days of biochar treatments, was adapted based on the fact that incubation time affects biochar application in soil. After treatments, the biochar was removed and the soil samples from each treatment were analyzed for pH, soil bulk density (BD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (OC) and micronutrient levels using various analytical methods. The results of the analysis show pH, OC and CEC values increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 6.66 to 7.89, 3.40 to 3.90 g/kg and 5.16 to 7.29 cmol/kg respectively, while BD decreased significantly from 1.56 to 1.48 g/cm<sup>3</sup> after 60 days of biochar treatment. The levels of Mn, Cu and Zn increased from 188.25 to 286.12 mg/kg, 14.38 to 41.88 mg/kg and 68.63 to 140.19 mg/kg respectively, while levels of Fe decreased from 9460.00 to 4782.73 mg/kg after 60 days of biochar treatments. Application of <em>Senna tora</em> biochar has generally led to a significant improvement in the fertility of the soil. It is therefore recommended that <em>Senna tora</em> biochar be used in the field to demonstrate its practical application.</p>Hamza BadamasiOzoilo Onyeka CalistusUmar Faruk HassanMahmoud Auwal AdamuHaruna BabaAkanang Hannatu
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131523542Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Key Performance Indicators for Mobile Telecommunications
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15261
<p>This paper presents the comparative studies among artificial neural network neurons. Four Key Performance Indicators were predicted using neural network. The Key Performance Indicators and weather parameters for Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria were employed. MATLAB R2020a was employed to develop the neural network models. Three different neural network models were developed. Model A, Model B and Model C with ten neurons, fifteen neurons and twenty neurons respectively, the hidden layer of the models was Log-sigmoid activation function, and the linear activation was used at the output layer of the models. The three models were compared using mean absolute error and mean square error. The best performing model was Model B with fifteen neurons. Its mean absolute error and mean square error is 0.0909 and 0.0123 respectively. The Model A with ten neurons was the least performing model with mean absolute error and mean square error of 0.0990 and 0.0148 respectively. The results show that for a model to be robust, several neurons should be tested to establish the most effective model. </p>Abdulsemiu OlawuyiTolulope Tola AwofolajuHammed Oyebamiji LasisiOlatunde Oladepo
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131524353Variable Sample Size Control Charts for Monitoring the Multivariate Coefficient of Variation Based on Median Run Length and Expected Median Run Length
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15200
<p>The monitoring of a well-functioning process system has always held significant importance. In recent times, there has been notable attention towards employing control charts to oversee both univariate and multivariate coefficients of variation (MCV). This shift is in response to the concern of erroneous outcomes that can arise when traditional control charts are applied under the condition of dependent mean and standard deviation, as highlighted by prior research. To address this, the remedy lies in adopting the coefficient of variation. Furthermore, this study underscores the application of MCV in scenarios where multiple quality attributes are simultaneously under surveillance within an industrial process. This aspect has demonstrated considerable enhancement in chart performance, especially when incorporating the variable sample size (VSS) feature into the MCV chart. Adaptive VSS, evaluated through metrics like median run length (MRL) and expected median run length (EMRL), is also integrated for MCV monitoring. In contrast to earlier studies that predominantly focused on average run length (ARL), this research acknowledges the potential inaccuracies in ARL measurement. In this study, two optimal designs for VSS MCV charts are formulated by minimizing two criteria: firstly, MRL; and secondly, EMRL, both accounting for deterministic and unknown shift sizes. Additionally, to assess the distribution's variability in run lengths, the study provides the 5th and 95th percentiles. The research delves into two VSS schemes: one with a defined small sample size (<em>n<sub>S</sub></em>), and another with a predetermined large sample size (<em>n<sub>L</sub></em>) for the initial subgroup (<em>n</em>(1)). The approach taken involves the development of a Markov chain method for designing and deriving performance measures of the proposed chart. These measures include MRL and EMRL. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the proposed chart's performance and the standard MCV chart (STD) is presented in terms of MRL and EMRL criteria. The outcomes illustrate the superiority of the proposed chart over the STD MCV chart for all shift sizes, whether they are upward or downward, and when <em>n</em>(1) equals <em>n<sub>S</sub></em> or <em>n<sub>L</sub></em>.</p>Hamed KarimiKhai Wah KhawXinYing ChewZhi Lin ChongShiuh Tong Lim
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131525480Proximate Composition, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of The Fermented Ripe Fruit of Musa Paradisiaca
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15154
<p>Fermentation alters the physical and chemical components of foods by enhancing their nutrients and synthesizing bioactive composition. To determine the impact of fermentation, ripe <em>Musa paradisiaca</em> (Plantain) fruit used as food and medicine across the globe was fermented and analyzed for pH, proximate composition, preliminary phytochemical constituents, <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial activities, and active constituents by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The pH of the sample dropped from 6.7 to 4.7 during fermentation while alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids were recorded. Moisture (7.84%), ash (2.10%), fat (7.28%), carbohydrate (86.4%), fiber (1.42%), and protein (2.24%) were present. Bactericidal (12.5-50.0 mg/mL against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli, </em>respectively) and fungicidal activities (12.5-25.0 mg/mL against <em>Candida albicans</em>) were noted. At 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL sample concentrations, diameters of 7.00 mm, 10.00 mm, and 16.00 mm were recorded against <em>C. albicans, E. coli, </em>and <em>S. aureus.</em> Capsaicin, caffeic acid, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, apigenin, syringin, quercetin, and luteolin were detected by HPLC. Consequently, the fermented ripe fruits of <em>M. paradisiaca</em> harbours active constituents and exhibit antimicrobial activities making them curative against pathogens.</p>Mansurat Bolanle FalanaQuadri Olaide Nurudeen
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-131528190DFT Investigation of CH4 and H2O Adsorption on Pd (111), Ni (111), Pt (111), and Ir(111) Surfaces
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JST/article/view/15641
<p>Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the surface Gibbs free energy of methane and water adsorption on Pt(111), Ir(111), Ni(111), and Pd(111) surfaces was investigated. DFT computations were employed to investigate the adsorption of methane and water molecule on unit cells with varying coverage levels of 0.11, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 monolayers and the aggregation of H<sub>2</sub>O over clean transition metal surfaces. The adsorption configuration was assessed to experimental findings to evaluate our computational approaches' accuracy and reliability. A thermodynamic diagram was constructed for exploring the adsorption of CH4 and H2O on metal surfaces. The order of the methane adsorption energies on different metal surfaces is as follows: Pd(111) > Pt(111) > Ni(111) > Ir(111). A more significant number of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules on the transition metal surfaces reduces the contact between the metal surfaces and water molecules during water aggregation. The thermodynamic stability of water and methane adsorption coverage was found to be best on the Pt(111) surface.</p>Abdulrauf Onimisi IbrahimBaba Jibril El-Yakubu
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Science and Technology
2023-12-132023-12-1315291100